本期节目讨论疫苗能否治疗癌症。科学家正在研发个性化癌症疫苗，通过测序肿瘤DNA，将突变信息放入RNA疫苗，训练免疫系统识别并攻击癌细胞，以减少放化疗副作用。嘉宾Anne Willis表示该领域虽经历多次“假曙光”，但近期取得突破，技术正逐步展现潜力。节目还介绍了相关词汇，并揭晓全球最常见癌症为肺癌。
| English | 中文 |
|---|---|
| 1. I guess this moment has been quite a long time coming, hasn't it? There's been some false dawns in cancer vaccines.
※ 现在完成时has been表示持续至今；反义疑问句hasn't it升调；false dawns连读 |
我想这一刻真是等了很久，对吧？癌症疫苗领域有过一些空欢喜。 |
| 2. I mean, there's been a lot of work in this space, and it's all been very encouraging, particularly in the animal models
※ there's been弱读；particularly重读；animal models连读 |
我的意思是，这个领域做了大量工作，结果都很鼓舞人心，尤其是在动物模型中。 |
| 3. So, you sequence the DNA of the cancer cell to work out how it's different from a normal cell.
※ sequence作动词；work out连读；how it's弱读 |
所以，你对癌细胞的DNA进行测序，找出它与正常细胞的不同之处。 |
| 4. And then, particularly for the bits of the cancer that's different on the surface of the cell, you take those bits of DNA
※ particularly for连读；that's different定语从句；bits of连读 |
然后，特别是癌细胞表面不同的那些部分，你取出那些DNA片段。 |
| 5. And actually, seeing that this extraordinary technology is, sort of, starting to reach its promise – this is very exciting for everybody.
※ seeing that引导宾语；sort of填充词弱读；reach its promise连读 |
实际上，看到这项非凡的技术某种程度上开始展现其潜力——这对所有人来说都非常激动人心。 |
| Georgie | Hi Phil. | 嗨，菲尔。 |
| Phil | Hi Georgie. | 嗨，乔治。 |
| Georgie | Phil, have you had many vaccines in your life? So, these are injections to protect you from diseases. | 菲尔，你一生中打过很多疫苗吗？就是那些保护你不得病的注射。 |
| Phil | Oh, I've had loads. I had all the ones you have when you’re a child, but I've also had some for travelling and working abroad so… yeah, I've had lots. | 哦，我打过很多。小时候该打的都打了，出国旅行和工作时也打过一些，所以……对，我打过很多。 |
| Georgie | OK. Well, many of us will have had vaccines to stop us getting common diseases such as flu or Covid 19, but could injections help us fight more complicated diseases too? | 好。我们很多人打过疫苗来预防流感或新冠等常见病，但注射能不能帮我们对抗更复杂的疾病呢？ |
| Georgie | In this episode of 6 Minute English, we'll be looking at some new research that has scientists very excited, and we'll be asking the question, 'Could vaccines cure cancer?' | 在本集《6分钟英语》中，我们将关注一项让科学家非常兴奋的新研究，并探讨一个问题：‘疫苗能治愈癌症吗？’ |
| Georgie | OK. Let's start with a quiz question, Phil. There are lots of different types of cancer affecting many parts of the body, but according to the World Health Organisation, what is the most common cancer worldwide? | 好。我们先来做个测验题，菲尔。有很多不同类型的癌症影响身体许多部位，但根据世界卫生组织，全球最常见的癌症是什么？ |
| Georgie | Is it: a) lung cancer, b) skin cancer, or c) stomach cancer? | 是：a) 肺癌，b) 皮肤癌，还是 c) 胃癌？ |
| Phil | Well, I don't know. I'm going to guess b) skin cancer. | 嗯，我不知道。我猜 b) 皮肤癌。 |
| Georgie | Well, we'll find out the answer at the end of the programme. | 好，我们会在节目最后揭晓答案。 |
| Phil | Right. Now, this idea of a vaccine that could cure cancer sounds really interesting. Could you tell us a bit more about it, Georgie? | 好。这个能治愈癌症的疫苗想法听起来真有意思。你能多讲讲吗，乔治？ |
| Georgie | Well, scientists have been trying to develop a cancer vaccine for quite a long time. | 嗯，科学家尝试研发癌症疫苗已经很久了。 |
| Georgie | If you think about many existing cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, these have quite a few side effects. | 想想许多现有的癌症治疗方法，比如放疗和化疗，它们有不少副作用。 |
| Georgie | But the idea is that a cancer vaccine would help the body's natural immune system help fight the disease, which could have fewer side effects and also be more effective. | 但想法是，癌症疫苗能帮助人体自然免疫系统对抗疾病，这样副作用可能更少，也更有效。 |
| Georgie | Scientists are particularly hopeful about a new vaccine developed to treat skin cancer. | 科学家对一种治疗皮肤癌的新疫苗尤其抱有希望。 |
| Georgie | BBC Radio 4 programme Inside Science has been hearing about the latest research. Cancer cell biologist Anne Willis spoke to presenter Tom Whipple. | BBC广播4台节目《科学内幕》一直在关注最新研究。癌细胞生物学家安妮·威利斯与主持人汤姆·惠普尔进行了交谈。 |
| Tom Whipple | I guess this moment has been quite a long time coming, hasn't it? There's been some false dawns in cancer vaccines. | 我想这一刻真是等了很久，对吧？癌症疫苗领域有过一些空欢喜。 |
| Anne Willis | I mean, there's been a lot of work in this space, and it's all been very encouraging, particularly in the animal models, but getting this to translate into humans can be a much harder, longer process, so it's very exciting that there's this breakthrough – apparent breakthrough – that's come through today. | 我的意思是，这个领域做了大量工作，结果都很鼓舞人心，尤其是在动物模型中，但将其转化到人类身上可能是一个更艰难、更漫长的过程，所以今天出现这个突破——表面上的突破——非常令人兴奋。 |
| Phil | Tom says that the development of the cancer vaccine has been a long time coming, and this means that it's taken a lot of time to achieve. | 汤姆说癌症疫苗的研发姗姗来迟，意思是花了很长时间才实现。 |
| Georgie | Yes. Tom also says there have been some false dawns, an expression meaning that something looks like it's improving when it's actually not. | 是的。汤姆还说有过一些假曙光，这个表达意思是某事看起来在好转，实际上并没有。 |
| Phil | Anne says there's been a lot of work in this space. Space here means field of research – so, in this context, research into cancer vaccines. | 安妮说这个领域做了大量工作。这里的space指研究领域——所以在这个语境中，指癌症疫苗研究。 |
| Georgie | Scientists think they might have made a breakthrough. That means they've made significant progress. | 科学家认为他们可能取得了突破。意思是他们取得了重大进展。 |
| Phil | And Georgie, these vaccines that we're talking about, they aren't quite like the ones that we're all familiar with, are they? This isn't a vaccine to prevent you from getting skin cancer, is it? | 还有乔治，我们说的这些疫苗，并不完全像我们熟悉的那种，对吧？这不是预防你得皮肤癌的疫苗，对吧？ |
| Georgie | No. The vaccine being tested is used to treat people after they've had a tumour removed. | 不是。正在测试的疫苗用于治疗已切除肿瘤的人。 |